Por poner un ejemplo. Antes cada
fabricante desarrollaba un nuevo motor capaz de cumplir las normas vigentes. Y
no solo un motor, sino cada uno de los motores que eran montados en sus marcas
(distintas cilindradas y versiones gasolina o diésel). Es decir, cada
fabricante desarrollaba todo para sí. Hoy la tendencia es compartir
desarrollos. Es decir, al fabricante A desarrolla los motores gasolina
necesarios y los vende a los fabricantes B y C, además de usarlo para sus
propios coches. El fabricante B desarrolla y fabrica los motores diésel para A
y C además de para sí mismo. Y el fabricante C hace lo mismo con sistemas de
tracción para coches eléctricos. Conclusión: cada uno de esos tres fabricantes
asociados solo desarrolla un tipo de motor pero sus coches permiten 3 tipos de
tracción y además, el motor que fabrican se venderá en mucho mayor volumen que
si solo lo usasen para sus coches.
En Asia, sin embargo, el
escenario es distinto. Hay una gran cantidad de fabricantes, la mayoría de
ellos todavía está muy lejos de la tecnología de las marcas más históricas y no
tienen el prestigio de éstas, ni tan siquiera en sus países de origen. Las
autoridades de China, conscientes de que sus fabricantes nunca serán capaces de
alcanzar la tecnología de los europeos, japoneses o americanos, que tienen
alrededor de cien años de experiencia, apuestan por empezar una carrera desde
cero, donde las marcas históricas tan solo están empezando: el coche eléctrico.
Las autoridades chinas están potenciando y motivando el desarrollo de la tecnología
de los coches eléctricos entre sus fabricantes. Y a la vez, están cambiando las
regulaciones nacionales para cada vez más favorecer las ventas de este tipo de
coches. ¿Qué esperan? Ayudar a que su industria automovilística nacional
adquiera una tecnología tan avanzada en ese tipo de coches como la que puedan
tener los fabricantes históricos, ya que en ese campo éstos últimos no tienen
tantos años de experiencia.
We have seen in the two previous posts the state of automobile manufacturers.
We left for this
last post to explain the wars that are occurring nowadays.
Historical Manufacturers (Europe, USA and Japan) need to defend themselves from the attacks of
new players from low-cost countries. It is true that the tradition and prestige of some brands will create a competitive advantage. However the automobile
industry in Europe, U.S. and Japan do not believe only in this argument to
ensure that the cake of their markets is still spreading just for them. Other markets also believed that the prestige of
its European brands would ensure
the existence despite the Asian invasion, brands that now in many cases, have closed and transferred the 100% of the market to low-cost products.
If car manufacturer believes that only
by placing a certain logo in his car will ensure
sales, is wrong and
will be only a question of time.
In these regions, the automobile industry is interested in regulations are becoming harder to demand a high level of engineering, in order to be out the reach of low-cost brands that are still far in technology. So historical brands and auxiliary industry ensure
themselves to keep their markets free of low-cost brands.
This means a high engineering and technology spending for European, American
and Japanese manufacturers. They do everything to ensure
a big market but not an increasing one. What consequences have increase the
engineering spending without depreciate it in a major sales volume and without
increasing prices in order to not loose competitiveness? Like they are already
doing: by mergers, acquisitions and agreements for develop together technologies,
cars, systems, etc, as we explained in last posts.
For example, in the past each manufacturer developed a new engine able
to accomplish current regulations. And not only one engine, all the engines
that were assembled in their brands (different cylinders and gasoline or
diesel). Nowadays the trend is share developments. Manufacturer A develops the
gasoline engines necessaries and he sells them to manufacturers B and C, and he
uses them for his own car also. Manufacturer B develops and produces diesel
engines for A, C and for himself. And manufacturer C does the same with
traction systems for electric cars. Conclusion: each car manufacturers only
develop one kind of engine however their cars allow 3 kinds of traction and
also, the engine they make will be sold in a major volume that if they only use
it for their cars.
In Asia, however, the scenario is different. There are a lot of manufacturers, most of them
are still far away historic brands technology and do not have the prestige of these, not even in their countries. Chinese authorities
know that their manufacturers will never be able to reach European, Japanese or American technology that
are about one hundred years of
experience. So they opt for start
a career from scratch, where
historical brands are just beginning: the
electric car. The Chinese authorities are promoting and motivating the development of electric car technology between their manufacturers. They are changing national regulations in order to
increase this type of cars sales. What do they expect? Help their national
car industry to achieve advanced technology in
these cars such as
the historical manufacturers, because in this area they
haven’t many years of experience.
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